Neurosurgery

What is Neurosurgery?

Neurosurgery is a medical specialty focused on the surgical diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries affecting the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and the spine.

A neurosurgeon performs interventions for brain and spinal tumors, herniated discs, spinal canal stenosis, traumatic brain injuries, cerebral aneurysms, and vascular malformations.

When should you consult a neurosurgeon?

A consultation with a neurosurgery specialist is recommended in cases of:

• Severe or chronic neck, back, or lower back pain
• Numbness, weakness, or loss of sensation in the limbs
• Suspected herniated disc or spinal stenosis
• Head or spinal injuries
• Headache accompanied by neurological symptoms, vision loss, speech problems, or seizures
• Diagnosed brain or spinal tumors, aneurysms, or vascular malformations

How to prepare for a neurosurgery appointment?

To ensure the most effective consultation:

• Bring previous imaging tests, MRI, CT scans, X-rays
• Bring laboratory results and discharge summaries from prior hospitalizations
• Describe your symptoms in detail, onset, progression, and what worsens or relieves them
• Prepare a list of medications you are currently taking
• Write down questions about your diagnosis and potential treatment options

What happens during the appointment?

The visit begins with a detailed discussion (anamnesis) about symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle.

This is followed by a neurological and physical examination, assessing:

• Muscle strength and reflexes
• Sensation and coordination
• Inspection and palpation of the spine

If needed, the neurosurgeon may order or review imaging studies such as MRI, CT, or angiography.
Finally, the diagnosis is explained and surgical or non-surgical treatment options are discussed, along with expectations and prognosis.